Caustic soda, also known as sodium hydroxide, reacts with pretzels by creating a chemical reaction that helps give pretzels their characteristic brown and shiny crust. The pretzels are dipped in a solution of caustic soda and water before baking, which causes the Maillard reaction to occur on the surface of the pretzel. This reaction gives the pretzels their unique flavor and texture. However, caustic soda is a strong base and can be harmful if not handled properly, so it is important to use caution when working with it. **

When lime juice comes in contact with the eye, it can cause irritation, burning, and redness. The citric acid in the lime juice can be particularly irritating to the sensitive tissues of the eye, leading to discomfort and temporary vision disturbances. It is important to flush the eye with clean water immediately if lime juice gets into the eye to help alleviate the irritation and prevent further damage. **

When exposed to heat, a juice carton may expand or bulge due to the increase in temperature causing the air inside to expand. This can lead to the carton becoming misshapen or even bursting if the pressure inside becomes too high. Additionally, the heat can cause the juice inside to evaporate or spoil more quickly, affecting the quality and taste of the drink. It is important to store juice cartons in a cool, dry place to prevent these issues. **

When a juice tetrapack is exposed to heat, the liquid inside the pack expands and creates pressure. This can cause the tetrapack to bulge or even burst if the pressure becomes too high. Additionally, the heat can also cause the juice to spoil more quickly, as it accelerates the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms. Therefore, it is important to store juice tetrapacks in a cool, dry place to maintain their quality and safety. **

Amber does not react with water because it is a non-reactive substance. It is a fossilized tree resin that is composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, which do not undergo any chemical reactions with water. Therefore, when amber comes into contact with water, it does not dissolve or undergo any noticeable changes. **

When an acid is added to water, it dissociates into its ions. The hydrogen ions (H+) from the acid react with the water molecules to form hydronium ions (H3O+). This reaction releases heat and is exothermic. The presence of hydronium ions in the solution makes it acidic. **

Lithium reacts vigorously with water, producing lithium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. The reaction is exothermic, meaning it releases heat, and can even ignite the hydrogen gas produced. The reaction is also highly exothermic, and the released heat can cause the hydrogen gas to ignite. Overall, the reaction of lithium with water is highly reactive and should be handled with caution. **

When ammonia is added to water, it forms ammonium hydroxide, which is a weak base. The ammonia molecule (NH3) reacts with a water molecule (H2O) to form ammonium ion (NH4+) and hydroxide ion (OH-). This reaction increases the concentration of hydroxide ions in the solution, making it slightly basic. The reaction is reversible, meaning that ammonium hydroxide can dissociate back into ammonia and water. **